In the Cross-National Survey on Male Health Issues, the aim was to describe the motivators and barriers influencing treatment-seeking behavior in men with ED. Screening included 32,644 men. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 2831 men who suffered from ED. Men were recruited in waiting rooms in general practice offices. Treatment-seeking among men who suffered from […]
In a study using questionnaires sent to 108 patients, 100 (93%) responded. Researchers looked at hospital records and data from the survey. Only 32% continued self-injection treatment, about half of those (56%) discontinued within the first year, and patients who stopped therapy were significantly older and had poor initial impressions of therapy. Similarly to other […]
An attempt was made to estimate the economical impact of ED in the United Kingdom. In this study (conducted from 1997 to 1998) on the cost of ED in the National Health Service (NHS), it was estimated that £53 million was spent to manage 113,600 patients with ED. The main cost driver was outpatient visits, […]
ED is highly prevalent, the incidence is strongly age-related, and it is progressive and undertreated. The word population is rapidly aging. In 2000, 13% of the world’s population was older than 65 yr, and it is estimated that by 2020, this population will increase to 20%. The projections made in 1998—namely, that a fourfold increase […]
Other important factors include heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity. Chronic, heavy alcohol consumption may have an irreversible effect on erectile function because of neurological damage; specifically, changes in drinking habits may not influence erectile function. Chronic drug abuse, especially combined with alcohol consumption, can lead to erectile disorders, specifically because of behavioral changes. […]
The link between cigarette smoking and ED is not clearly understood. The MMAS sample did not show a significant difference in cases of ED between current smokers and nonsmokers. However, the association of ED with certain risk factors was greatly amplified in current smokers. According to MMAS data analysis, the age-adjusted probability of complete ED […]
Multiple areas throughout the brain participate in the sleep–wake cycle. The waking state is maintained by a diffuse collection of neurons within the medulla, pons, midbrain, and diencephalons known as the reticular activating system. Electrical stimulation within the reticular activating system leads to a change in electroencephalogram pattern from the sleep state to that of […]
Reflexic erections are mediated by a spinal reflex pathway whereby sensory informa-tion from the penis and genitalia is transmitted by the dorsal nerve of the penis and contin-ues via the pudendal nerve to reach the sacral spinal cord. This constitutes the afferent limb of the sacral reflex arc. The efferent limb arises in the sacral […]
In addition to calcium-dependent mechanisms of activation, recent studies have dem-onstrated the presence of a calcium-independent pathway that further regulates corporal smooth muscle contraction. Originally described in other smooth muscle types, this pro-cess, termed calcium sensitization, is regulated by the small, monomeric G protein RhoA and its immediate downstream target Rho-kinase (ROK). Following its activation, […]
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION IS REGULATED BY Ca2+-INDUCED MYOSIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND DEPHOSPHORYLATION. The primary stimulus for corporal smooth muscle contraction (penile flaccidity) again depends on the concentration of intracellular calcium. When the intracellular concentra-tion of calcium increases to 10.5 mol/L, Ca2+ forms an active complex with the calcium- binding protein calmodulin. The Ca2+–calmodulin complex […]
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